THE EXCEPTIONALLY LUMINOUS TYPE II-L SN 2008es

We report on our early photometric and spectroscopic observations of the extremely luminous Type II supernova (SN) 2008es. With an observed peak optical magnitude of mV = 17.6 mag and at a redshift z = 0.213, SN 2008es had a peak absolute magnitude of MV = −22.5 mag, making it the second most luminous SN ever observed. The photometric evolution of SN 2008es exhibits a fast decline rate (∼0.042 mag day), similar to the extremely luminous Type II-L SN 2005ap. We show that SN 2008es spectroscopically resembles the luminous Type II-L SN 1979C. Although the spectra of SN 2008es lack the narrow and intermediate-width line emission typically associated with the interaction of a SN with the circumstellar medium (CSM) of its progenitor star, we argue that the extreme luminosity of SN 2008es is powered via strong interaction with a dense, optically-thick CSM. The integrated bolometric luminosity of SN 2008es yields a total radiated energy at ultraviolet (UV) and optical wavelengths of &10 ergs. Finally, we examine the apparently anomalous rate at which the Texas Supernova Search has discovered rare kinds of supernovae (SNe), including the four most luminous SNe observed to date, and find that their results are consistent with those of other modern SN searches. Subject headings: supernovae: general — supernovae: individual(SN 2008es)